Analysis Phase of System Development Life Cycle

System Analysis

In this phase, the current system is studied in detail. A person responsible for the analysis of the system is known as analyst. In system analysis, the analyst conducts the following activities.

Needs Analysis

This activity is known as requirements analysis. In this step the analyst sums up the requirements of the system from the user and the managers. The developed system should satisfy these requirements during testing phase.

Data Gathering

In this step, the system analyst collects data about the system to be developed. He uses different tools and methods, depending on situation. These are:

Written Documents

The analyst may collect the information/data from written documents available from manual-files of an organization. This method of data gathering is normally used if you want to computerize the existing manual system or upgrade the existing computer based system. The written documents may be reports, forms, memos, business plans, policy statements, organizational charts and many others. The written documents provide valuable information about the existing system.
Interviews

Interview is another data gathering technique. The analyst (or project team members) interviews, managers, users/ clients, suppliers, and competitors to collect the information about the system. It must be noted that the questions to be asked from them should be precise, relevant and to the point.

Questionnaires

Questionnaires are the feedback forms used to collect Information. The interview technique to collect information is time-consuming method, so Questionnaires

are designed to collect information from as many people as we like. It is very convenient and inexpensive method to collect information but sometimes the response may be Confusing or unclear and insufficient.

Observations

In addition to the above-mentioned three techniques to collect information, the analyst  (or his team) may collect Information through observation. In this collect technique, the working, behavior, and other related information of the existing system are observed. It means that working of existing system is watched carefully.
 Sampling
If there are large numbers of people or events involved in The system, we can use sampling method to collect information. In this method, only a part of the people or events involved are used to collect information. For example to test the quality of a fruit, we test a piece of the fruit.

 Data Analysis

After completion of “Data Gathering” step the collected data about the system is analyzed to ensure that the data is accurate and complete. For this purpose, various tools may be used. The most popular and commonly used tools for data analysis are:

    DFDs (Data Flow Diagrams)
    System Flowcharts
    Connectivity Diagrams
    Grid Charts
    Decision Tables etc.


Analysis Report

After completing the work of analysis, the requirements collected for the system are documented in a presentable form. It means that the analysis report is prepared. It is done for review and approval of the project from the higher management. This report should have three parts.

=>First, it should explain how the current system works.

=>Second, it   should explain the problems in the existing system.

=>Finally, it should describe the requirements for the new system and make recommendations for future.


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"Remember Me When You Raise Your Hand For Dua"
Raheel Ahmed Khan
System Engineer
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